Who is eligible for Medicare?
Generally, Medicare is available for people age 65 or older, younger people with disabilities and people with End Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant). Medicare has two parts, Part A (Hospital Insurance) and Part B (Medicare Insurance).
What are the characteristics of people on Medicare?
Characteristics of People on Medicare Many people on Medicare live with health problems, including multiple chronic conditions and limitations in their activities of daily living, and many beneficiaries live on modest incomes.
How many people enroll in Medicare Advantage plans?
Enrollment in Medicare Advantage plans has grown over time, with more than 20 million beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Advantage in 2018, or 34 percent of all Medicare beneficiaries (Figure 3).
How many Americans receive both Medicare and Medicaid?
Most traditional Medicare beneficiaries who receive Medicaid (5.3 million) receive both full Medicaid benefits, including long-term services and supports, and payment of their Medicare premiums and cost sharing.
Who needs Medicare the most?
People who are 65 or older. Certain younger people with disabilities. People with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD)
Do women need more health care than men?
Background: Studies have shown that women use more health care services than men. We used important independent variables, such as patient sociodemographics and health status, to investigate gender differences in the use and costs of these services.
Why do women use more healthcare than men?
Numerous studies have found that women spend significantly more on healthcare than men over their lifetimes. A big reason women spend more is longevity: U.S. women have a life expectancy of 81 while men have a life expectancy of 76.1 That gives them an average five extra years to rack up medical bills.
Do women have less access to healthcare than men?
Health needs were substantially greater among older women compared with men, but women had fewer economic resources. Controlling for health needs did little to explain gender differences in preventive care and increased gender differences in the use of hospital services.
How much more do women spend on healthcare than men?
According to research from the Kaiser Family Foundation in partnership with the Journal of the American Medical Association, women spend significantly more on annual health care than men: women aged 19 to 34 spent an average of $3,402 in 2015, compared to just $1,891 for men.
Who is more likely to use health services?
The oldest older adults (ages 85 and older) have the highest per capita utilization of health services, and that population is expected to increase from 5 million to 9 million between 2005 and 2030.
Is there a gender bias in healthcare?
Gender bias in healthcare is widespread. Patients, doctors, researchers, and administrators can all hold biased views about gender. These views affect how the healthcare system works and have a serious impact on health outcomes. Gender bias is a preference for one gender over another.
Do men receive better healthcare?
While you can see the gender bias at play in all factors of healthcare, it's most obvious when it comes to heart disease and cancer. According to the National Institute of Health, only 39% of women who had a cardiac arrest in public were given CPR compared to 45% of men.
Why is healthcare female dominated?
They found that people perceived internal factors (e.g., lack of motivation, lack of ability) to be the main barrier to men's entry into female-dominated fields, whereas external factors (e.g., discrimination, stereotyping) were seen as a larger factor in women's underrepresentation in male-dominated careers.
Characteristics of People on Medicare
Many people on Medicare live with health problems, including multiple chronic conditions, cognitive impairments, and limitations in their activitie...
Benefit Gaps and Supplemental Coverage
Medicare provides protection against the costs of many health care services, but traditional Medicare has relatively high deductibles and cost-shar...
Medicare Beneficiaries’ Out-Of-Pocket Health Care Spending
In 2013, beneficiaries in traditional Medicare and enrolled in both Part A and Part B spent $6,150 out of their own pockets for health care spendin...
Medicare Spending Now and in The Future
In 2016, Medicare benefit payments totaled $675 billion; 21 percent was for hospital inpatient services, 14 percent for outpatient prescription dru...
Medicare Payment and Delivery System Reform
Policymakers, health care providers, insurers, and researchers continue to debate how best to introduce payment and delivery system reforms into th...
What are the characteristics of Medicare?
Characteristics of People on Medicare. Many people on Medicare live with health problems, including multiple chronic conditions and limitations in their activities of daily living, and many beneficiaries live on modest incomes. In 2016, nearly one third (32%) had a functional impairment; one quarter (25%) reported being in fair or poor health;
How long does it take to get Medicare?
People under age 65 who receive Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) payments generally become eligible for Medicare after a two-year waiting period, while those diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) become eligible for Medicare with no waiting period.
What is Medicare payment and delivery system reform?
Policymakers, health care providers, insurers, and researchers continue to debate how best to introduce payment and delivery system reforms into the health care system to tackle rising costs, quality of care, and inefficient spending.
Does Medicare have a deductible?
Medicare provides protection against the costs of many health care services, but traditional Medicare has relatively high deductibles and cost-sha ring requirements and places no limit on beneficiaries’ out-of-pocket spending for services covered under Parts A and B.
When did Medicare expand?
The program was expanded in 1972 to cover certain people under age 65 who have a long-term disability. Today, Medicare plays a key role in providing health and financial security to 60 million older people and younger people with disabilities. The program helps to pay for many medical care services, including hospitalizations, physician visits, ...
Does Medicare have supplemental coverage?
In light of Medicare’s benefit gaps, cost-sharing requirements, and lack of an annual out-of-pocket spending limit, most beneficiaries covered under traditional Medicare have some type of supplemental coverage that helps to cover beneficiaries’ costs and fill the benefit gaps (Figure 4).
Abstract
To determine whether gender differences in reports of problematic health care experiences are associated with characteristics of managed care.
Why Managed Care May Affect Men And Women In Different Ways
Women and men have different health care needs. Compared with men, women's health needs are more complex and change over their life's course, often requiring multiple providers and specialists ( Bierman and Clancy 1999 ).
Methods
We use data from a new survey of 5,000 Americans, the Consumer Experiences Survey (CES), which collected information on consumer health care experiences (including experiences with their health plan, hospital care, and physician care), their expectations of health care, as well as the characteristics of their health plan.
Results
Table 1 presents the raw percentages of problem reporting among women and men. Over half of all women and men reported experiencing at least one problem with their health care in the previous 12 months. Rates of problem reporting were similar to the Kaiser CES in 1999 ( Kaiser Family Foundation 1999 ).
Discussion And Conclusion
This is the first study to examine gender disparities in consumer-reported problems and the impact of managed care on those experiences. Controlling for both health plan characteristics and health care expectations, we found significant gender disparities in the likelihood of experiencing problems with health care.
Acknowledgments
This paper benefited from comments by Bradford Gray and two anonymous reviewers. This research was conducted with support from Atlanta Philanthropic Services.
Footnotes
1 Private health insurance coverage included persons enrolled in private plans that had contracted with either the Medicare or Medicaid programs to provide coverage to their beneficiaries. In our study, 9.8 and 2.6 percent of our respondents were covered by these two programs, respectively.
